Cholecystectomy (cholecystectomy) is done for a number of reasons, but the most common reason is the presence of stones in the gallbladder. After the surgery, the problem was solved: there was no gallbladder and no stones in it, however, such patients must follow a strict diet for the rest of their lives.
Basic dietary rules after cholecystectomy
The goals pursued by clinical nutrition after cholecystectomy are:
- creates maximum chemical savings of the liver;
- improves the separation of bile;
- ensure the normal functioning of the liver, biliary tract and the entire digestive tract.
According to the regulations of the Ministry of Health, nutrition after cholecystectomy at medical facilities corresponds to the main version of the standard diet (ATD). According to classification, diet after cholecystectomy treatment Table 5.
Although there are some limitations in Table 5, the diet should be physiologically balanced, i. e. with adequate amounts of essential vitamins and minerals.
Daily nutritional content:
- protein - 85-90g, of which 45-50g is protein of animal origin;
- fat - 70-80g, of which up to 25-30% is vegetable fat;
- carbohydrates - 300-330g, and simple sugars - no more than 30-40g.
The daily calorie content in the treatment panel after cholecystectomy is 2170-2400 kilocalories.
Basic principles of nutrition
- diet. Meals should be divided: up to 4-6 times a day, divided into several small portions. Although there is no gallbladder, the bile ducts are preserved, and therefore, they must be emptied in time so that bile does not stagnate in them. In addition, small portions of food do not burden the liver and other digestive organs, helping to avoid inflammation. It is especially important to eat at the same time: thanks to this, the work of both the liver and the biliary tract is normalized. A small portion of food prevents the development of obesity, which is very important.
- food processing. Food can be steamed, grilled or boiled. Microwave cooking should be avoided; does not prohibit multi-cookers and double boilers. Sometimes, food is allowed to stew. During the first 45 days after operation, when cutting, the product is ground and milled. This type of culinary preparation provides maximum mechanics for the liver and stomach, and also has a beneficial effect on the entire digestive tract.
- food temperature. The dish is only served when it is still warm (15-60 degrees Celsius). Food that is too hot and too cold causes the bile ducts to constrict, causing irritation to the stomach and duodenum.
- salt and liquid. The use of sodium chloride corresponds to the physiological norm (8-10 grams per day). Salty foods irritate the digestive tract and cause fluid stagnation, and thus bile is eliminated from the body. Liquids should be consumed up to 2 liters per day. 30 minutes before meals, should drink 1 glass of alkaline mineral water without gas, has the effect of stimulating the flow of bile.
- alcohol. Drinking alcohol will have to be stopped (rarely exceptions). Ethyl alcohol causes smooth muscle contraction and increases the tone of the biliary tract. In addition, in the absence of a gallbladder, only the liver breaks down alcohol, the load on it increases. The systematic use of alcoholic beverages is not only dangerous by the return of previous problems with the gallbladder, but also leads to the development of cirrhosis of the liver.
- We eat well. Every meal should be beautifully presented: on a tablecloth, with flowers, in a quiet atmosphere. Eat slowly, chew each piece thoroughly. This will allow you to eat a very moderate portion, which helps in weight gain and reduces the strain on the digestive tract.
Prohibited products
First of all, from the diet after cholecystectomy, it is necessary to exclude foods with a high cholesterol content. It is he who causes bile to thicken and stagnate, which promotes stone formation.
Second, since most fat-degrading enzymes are absent from bile after cystectomy, consumption of animal fats (refractory) should be limited.
You should also avoid products that enhance bile formation and secretion of gastric and duodenal juices (extracts, spicy dishes, sauces, and others). Contraindicated to eat foods that remain in the intestines for a long time, causing decay and fermentation, stimulating gas production.
Consumption of simple carbohydrates should also be limited: they are easily broken down, raise levels of "bad" cholesterol, and are deposited as fatty deposits.
The list of prohibited products includes:
- premium flour breads, all types of pastries and fried dough products (pancakes, pancakes, pies, as well as cakes and pastries);
- cooking oil, margarine, lard any:
- rich broths and soups from them (meat, fish, poultry);
- fatty meat and poultry (goose, duck, pork, lamb), ribbed meat;
- fatty fish (mackerel, sturgeon, catfish, trout, salmon);
- canned meat and fish;
- all sausages;
- liver (kidney, liver, brain);
- caviar;
- sour and bitter vegetables (turnips, radishes, green onions, morning glory, sorrel, papaya);
- fried eggs, egg yolks;
- marinades and pickles;
- Bacon;
- spices: pepper, mustard, horseradish, vinegar, coriander and others;
- sour berries and fruit;
- ice cream, chocolate, cream products;
- strong tea, coffee, cocoa, carbonated soft drinks, carbonated mineral water;
- pea's tree;
- dishes from public eateries (pizza, hamburger).
Approved products
Foods that are recommended for people who have undergone cholecystectomy should not cause unnecessary discomfort and irritation of the digestive tract.
It is necessary to use when cooking foods rich in pectin and lipotropic substances. Lipotropic substances break down cholesterol, preventing its deposition on the walls of blood vessels (atherosclerosis) and accumulation in bile, which causes its thickening. In turn, pectin gently envelops the mucous membrane of the digestive tract, prevents the absorption of harmful substances, stimulates intestinal peristalsis and has a healing effect.
In addition, in the clinical diet of patients after cholecystectomy, vegetable fiber should be included in large quantities. It not only contains vitamins, but also stimulates intestinal peristalsis, combats flatulence, constipation and retains the volume of food in it.
We should not forget about fermented dairy products, as they are a valuable source of animal protein and calcium, contain live bacteria that have a beneficial effect on the intestinal microflora.
The list of permitted products includes:
- yesterday's or dry bread, crackers, cookies, crackers;
- soup on secondary broth, soup on vegetable broth;
- lean meat and poultry (turkey, chicken, veal, rabbit, beef);
- ham of unsalted and low-fat varieties;
- cereals, both crumbly and semi-viscous (buckwheat, oatmeal);
- all seafood, as a source of cholesterol-neutralizing iodine;
- lean fish (pike, trout, trout) as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids;
- slightly protein omelette;
- vegetable oils, butter in dishes;
- cottage cheese, kefir, curd, "raw" yogurt, unsalted and low-fat cottage cheese;
- fruits and berries (very sweet and sour in processed form: kissels, mousses, jellies, compotes);
- jam, marmalade, chalk;
- green vegetables, tomatoes, cucumbers, sweet peppers, pumpkins, radishes, zucchini, potatoes, carrots;
- milk tea or lemon, weak coffee, alkaline mineral water, juice and fruit drinks;
- salted salmon, jelly fish, vinegar, pickled herring, fresh vegetable salad.
The Necessity of a Diet
Following a diet after cholecystectomy allows you to maintain the condition of the liver and excrete bile in an optimal mode, normalizes the functioning of the entire digestive tract, prevents the appearance ofUnpleasant moments often occur after cholecystectomy, such as bloating, constipation, and a bitter taste in the mouth.
In addition, nutritional therapy after cholecystectomy prevents the development of atherosclerosis, improves the patient's appearance and stabilizes their weight.
Consequences of not following the diet
If the diet is not followed after cholecystectomy, the post-cholecystectomy syndrome will not take long, this is a general concept and includes exacerbation of previous diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. evolution and emergence of new diseases.
In addition, people who neglect their diet after surgery are at risk not only for their appearance (obesity, anemia) but also for the health of other body systems.